Exercises From
Experimental Stress Analysis
NOTEBOOK
Index
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Exercises
The Real Thing
(October 1985) Student exercise to
determine the pressure inside an aluminum beverage
can by measuring the strains produced on the surface
of the can when the pressure is reduced by removing
the tab. Includes the mechanics of the experiment.
A Transducer-based Stress
Analysis Project
(January 1986) Construction of an
inexpensive binocular transducer. Complete with
construction details.
Wood as a Composite Material: An
Exercise in Orthotropy
(May 1986) Simple methods for using
strain gages to determine the mechanical properties
of wood, a natural composite. Includes the
stress-strain constitutive relationships for wood, as
well as techniques for measuring elastic and shear
moduli and Poisson's ratio.
Look Before You Leap
(September 1986) Production of a
simple dog-bone load link that produces no shear
strains in the central portion of the necked section.
Applications of both PhotoStress coatings and strain
gages for strain measurements. Includes construction
details.
Pieces of the Puzzle
(Febuary 1987) Demonstration of
strain-free thermal expansion, and thermal output
with a simple beam subjected to cantilever bending.
A Two-Component Transducer
(May 1987) Use of a simple
aluminum-alloy tube to build a transducer for
measuring bending and torsional loads simultaneously.
Complete with mechanics of the experiment and
construction details.
Shear Fun with the Slinky
(November 1987) The Slinky, a toy
constructed of a helical metal coil, provides a
simple means of producing a state of nearly pure
shear strains. Includes mechanics of the exercise and
special gage installation techniques.
An Exercise in Thermal
Stresses
(April 1988) Use of simple
aluminum/steel sandwich to produce thermal stresses.
Construction details included.
Homework and Holes
(April 1989) Stress concentrations
about a hole in a simple tensile specimen quantified
with finite element analysis, photoelasticity, and
strain gages. Complete with construction details.
An Exercise in Nonlinearity
(October 1989) Curved beam produces
nonlinear strain distribution. Strain gage,
photoelastic, and finite element analysis techniques
for quantifying the distribution. Mechanics of the
exercise included.
The Real Thing Revisited
(April 1990) More advanced version of
the beverage can exercise with an experimental
analysis of stress based on measurements with strain
gage rosettes. Application of the various failure
criteria to the results. Details for measuring the
elastic modulus of thin can material.
Application of Strain Gages on
Steel Building Joists
(September 1990) Field installation of
strain gages to steel joists used in new building.
Strains measured as joists are installed and roofing
materials are applied. Preparations for long-term
monitoring of loads.
Some Less-Than-Ideal Material
Behavior
(April 1991) Measurement of mechanical
hysteresis in aluminum alloy, and time-dependent
strain, (creep in polymers and elastic aftereffects
in glass). Discussion of resistivity hysteresis in
strain gages.
A Simple Demonstration of
Strain Geometry
(October 1991) Use a thin metal strip
bent around a cylinder to demonstrate the concept of
strain and experimentally verify strain gage
measurements. How to use the strip as a radius and
thickness gage.
Liquid Densitometer Project
(Febuary 1992) Construction of a
liquid densitometer using strain gages installed on a
simple cantilevered beam. Includes mathematical
relationships, calibration procedures.
Measuring Gage Factor
(January 1993) Use of a simple
cantilevered beam to determine gage factor.
Using Instrument Gage
Factor
(April 1993) How to correct indicated
strain for instrument gage factor.
Why Things Don't Fail
(December 1993) Application of stress
analysis and the failure criteria to a bicycle under
static loading conditions.
Bike Like Mike
(April 1994) Use of signal
conditioning amplifiers and analog-to-digital
converter to measure strain data when loads are
dynamically applied to a bicycle.
Vibration
(October 1994) The fundamentals of
vibration in a beam are reviewed and expressions for
calculating the natural frequency are derived.
Measurements of bending strains are made and the
natural frequency is determined from them.
The Real Thing Revisited
(Again)
(April 1995) Changes in the design of
aluminum alloy beverage cans have fundamentally
changed the state of stress in these pressure
vessels. Measurements of strain to determine the
stresses in these fluted cans are made. The results
are compared to those of previous experiments.
Of Clamps & Springs &
Things
(December 1995) Using a simple C-clamp
for exercises in stress analysis, tranducer design,
and the mechanics of springs.
Stress & Strain in
Beams
(July 1996) An overview of beams as a
structure, with experimental verification.
Wide Beams
(November 1997 & June 1998) What
happens when "beams" are not long and
slender.
Newton's Second Law
(October 2000)
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